Thai language translator12/20/2023 These are mostly or exclusively used in Sanskrit and Pali borrowings. the breathy voiced sounds bh, dh, ḍh, jh, gh and the retroflex sounds ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ) but which never represented distinct sounds in the Thai language. This means that the Thai alphabet has a number of "duplicate" letters that represent separate sounds in Sanskrit and Pali (e.g. Thai borrowed a large number of words from Sanskrit and Pali, and the Thai alphabet was created so that the original spelling of these words could be preserved as much as possible.At a later time, the voicing distinction disappeared, but in the process, each of the three original tones split in two, with an originally voiced consonant (the modern "low" consonant signs) producing a lower-variant tone, and an originally unvoiced consonant (the modern "mid" and "high" consonant signs) producing a higher-variant tone. At the time the Thai script was created, the language had three tones and a full set of contrasts between voiced and unvoiced consonants at the beginning of a syllable (e.g. This stems from a major change (a tone split) that occurred historically in the phonology of the Thai language. For many consonant sounds, there are two different letters that both represent the same sound, but which cause a different tone to be associated.There is a fairly complex relationship between spelling and sound. Finally, the script wrote vowel marks on the main line, however this innovation fell out of use not long after. Another addition was consonant clusters that were written horizontally and contiguously, rather than writing the second consonant below the first one. Thus, tone markers are an innovation in the Thai language that later influenced other related Tai languages and some Tibeto-Burman languages on the Southeast Asian mainland. Although Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages have distinctive tones in their phonological system, no tone marker is found in their orthographies. Thai is considered to be the first script in the world that invented tone markers to indicate distinctive tones, which are lacking in the Mon-Khmer ( Austroasiatic languages) and Indo-Aryan languages from which its script is derived. It modified and simplified some of the Old Khmer letters and introduced some new ones to accommodate Thai phonology. The script was derived from a cursive form of the Old Khmer script of the time. The earliest attestation of the Thai script is the Ram Khamhaeng Inscription dated to 1292, however some scholars question its authenticity. According to tradition it was created in 1283 by King Ramkhamhaeng the Great ( Thai: พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช). The Thai alphabet is derived from the Old Khmer script ( Thai: อักษรขอม, akson khom), which is a southern Brahmic style of writing derived from the south Indian Pallava alphabet ( Thai: ปัลลวะ). 18 CE (derived from Eastern Arabic numerals and Brahmi numerals)įurther information: Sukhothai script Ram Khamhaeng Inscription, the oldest inscription using proto-Thai script ( Bangkok National Museum) The evolution of the Thai alphabet BCEĪdlam (slight influence from Arabic) 1989 CE Caucasian Albanian (origin uncertain) c.Cherokee (syllabary letter forms only) c.
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